Systematic Literature Review Desain UI untuk Pengurangan Beban Kognitif Pada Pembelajaran Anak Autisme dan Disleksia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.1806Kata Kunci:
autisme, beban kognitif, desain UI, disleksia, systematic literature reviewAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mensintesis prinsip desain antarmuka pengguna (UI) yang berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan beban kognitif pada aplikasi pembelajaran digital bagi anak dengan autisme dan disleksia. Karakteristik kognitif dan sensorik yang beragam pada pengguna neurodivergen menuntut penerapan desain UI yang inklusif dan adaptif agar proses pembelajaran berlangsung secara efektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel ilmiah terbitan tahun 2021–2025 yang diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Crossref, dan ScienceDirect. Proses seleksi menghasilkan 25 studi primer yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan digunakan sebagai dasar analisis. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan empat research question (RQ1–RQ4) untuk mengidentifikasi pola dan prinsip desain yang konsisten. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa desain UI berperan penting dalam menurunkan beban kognitif pengguna. Prinsip desain yang efektif meliputi kesederhanaan visual, navigasi terstruktur, konsistensi interaksi, personalisasi konten, pendekatan multisensorik, serta penggunaan tipografi dan warna yang ramah neurodivergen. Pada anak dengan autisme, desain yang memperhatikan kebutuhan sensorik, instruksi yang jelas, dan umpan balik langsung terbukti meningkatkan fokus dan pengalaman belajar. Pada anak dengan disleksia, desain yang menekankan keterbacaan teks, segmentasi materi, dan dukungan multimedia efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi belajar. Temuan penelitian ini tidak hanya memberikan kontribusi teoretis dalam memahami hubungan antara desain antarmuka dan pengurangan beban kognitif, tetapi juga menawarkan implikasi praktis bagi perancang UI/UX dalam mengembangkan antarmuka yang lebih inklusif, adaptif, dan ramah bagi pengguna dengan kebutuhan kognitif yang beragam.
Unduhan
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